![]() an action that took place before a certain point in the past.a condition or completed action in the past.usually focusing on the result of the action.The example verb ‘ klingeln’ (to ring) shows this with its stem ‘ klingel’:Īdditional verbs belonging to the group of ‘- eln’ are ‘ lächeln’ (to smile), ‘ basteln’ (do handicrafts), ‘ sammeln’ (collect), ‘ angeln’ (fish), ‘ googeln’ (google) and to the group of ‘- ern’ are ‘ erinnern’ (to remember), ‘ jammern’ (moan), ‘ ändern’ (change), ‘ feiern’ (celebrate). ![]() Moreover, the ‘- e-’ disappears from the termination in the 1st and 3rd person plural², which also applies to verbs with base form endings in ‘- ern’. If that is the case, the ‘- e-’ of the end of the verb stem¹ is dropped in the 1st person singular even before adding the finite suffix. Similar verbs are ‘ finden’ (to find), ‘ heiraten’ (marry), ‘ mieten’ (rent), ‘ reden’ (talk), ‘ öffnen’ (open), ‘ atmen’ (breathe), ‘ zeichnen’ (draw) etc.ĭropping of ‘-e-’ (Base form ends in ‘-eln’ or ‘-ern’) The example verb here is ‘ warten’ (to wait) with its principal part ‘ wart’: This affects the 2nd and 3rd person singular as well as the 2nd person plural. In these cases an ‘- e-’ is inserted between the principal part and the finite suffix due to reasons of pronunciation. The table shows the example verb ‘ reisen’ (to travel) with its principal part ‘ reis’:Īdditional verbs that follow the same rule are ‘ sitzen’ (to sit), ‘ fassen’ (grasp), ‘ mixen’ (mix), ‘ reißen’ (tear), ‘ rasen’ (speed) etc.Īdding an ‘-e-’ (Principal part ends in ‘d, t, m, n’) This means the finite suffix of the 2nd person loses its ‘- s-’. If the principal part of a verb ends in one of these terminations, the 2nd person singular coincides with the 3rd person. ![]() In detail: Dropping of ‘-s-’ (Principal part ends in a sound like ‘s, ss, ß, z, tz, x’) Some verbs show a slightly different conjugation pattern which means they deviate from the standard conjugation. ĭeviating conjugation forms in the Präsens
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